1 TASTE
Bitter, sour and neutral

2 MERIDIANS
Liver and kidney

3 FUNCTIONS
1. To invigorate blood, release stagnation and promote menstruation; 2. To tonify liver and kidneys, and strengthen the tendons and muscles; 3. To promote urination and relieve urinary disorders; 4. To conduct blood flow downward.

4 INDICATIONS
1. Blood stagnation manifested as amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation and pains due to external injuries. Cyathula root (Niu Xi) is used with peach seed (Tao Ren), Safflower (Hong Hua), Chinese angelica root (Dang Gui) and Corydalis tuber (Yan Hu Suo).2. Deficiency of the liver and kidneys manifested as soreness and weakness in the lumber region and legs. Cyathula root (Niuxi) is used with Mulberry mistletoe (Sang Ji Sheng), Eucommia bark (Du Zhong) and Cibot rhizome (Gou Ji).3. Extravasation of blood by heat manifested as vomiting with blood and epistaxis. Cyathula root (Niuxi) is used with Small thistle (Xiao Ji), Biota tops (Ce Bai Ye) and Imperata rhizome (Bai Mao Gen).4. Deficient yin with hyperactive yang leading to internal liver wind going upward manifested as headache, dizziness and vertigo. Cyathula root (Niuxi) is used with Red ochre (Dai Zhe Shi), Oyster shell (Mu Li) and Dragon bone (Long Gu) in the formula Zhengan xifeng Tang.5.Deficient yin and excessive fire manifested as ulceration of the mouth and gum swelling. Cythula root (Niuxi) is used with Fresh rehmannia root (Sheng Di Huang) and Anemarrhena rhizome (Zhi Mu).6. Urinary tract disorders manifested as painful urination, hematuria and dysuria. Cyathula root (Niuxi) is used with Ricepaper pith (Tong Cao), Talc (Hua Shi) and Pink (Qu Mai) in the formula Niuxi Tang.

5 DOSAGE
6-15 g

6 COUTIONS
This herbs is contraindicated during pregnancy, or with profuse menstrual flow.